Unfortunately, as common as they are in some parts of the country, I've never even seen a Perflex, much less worked on one. I gather from what I've heard, and from the parts diagram, that they are very 'twitchy' filters, and rather easy to mess up when disassembled and re-assembled.
It almost sounds like something is causing your filter to rapidly clog up. I'm going to guess -- and it's only a guess -- that you made an error in re-assembling the pump, that is causing it to perform incorrectly. If I understand what you are saying about the drain valve, the pump can operate normally, when you open the valve, removing the restriction.
If your pressure gauge is working, it *should* reveal if I'm correct in my guess. But again, it's not clear in the parts diagram I looked at, exactly where in the water flow the gauge is located. So I can't be sure.
Bookmarks