Unfortunately, chalking like that is usually related to UV (solar) mediated degradation of the resin based finish. Something similar happens with epoxy paint, and it's MUCH worse with poor paint, than with the best products.

Putting your pool under a screen enclosure would probably slow, but not stop, the problems. But, because I don't hear of this a lot, my guess is you got a pool from a lesser manufacturer . . . or a poor pool from a good manufacturer. (Maybe, a pool manufactured on Friday?).

Anyhow, there are a LOT of specialty pool contractors in Florida; maybe there's one that applies new gel-coat finishes? You'd be in a better position to check, than I am.