From my own experience, clear seemed to heat better than blue and 12 mil lasted much longer than 8 mil. As for 16 mil, handling starts to become an issue and I haven't gone that route yet. Also, I think the 12 mil price point is a little better for the extra life.
Even though I have solar, my goal is to run the pump as little as possible especially on high speed and with the clear cover, I managed to do that with a few hours of run time except on colder days. The blue cover just didn't seem to add as much heat but it did seem to preserve the chlorine a little better. But it is kind of hard to do side by side comparisons because of the number of variables involved which is why there doesn't seem to be much consensus.
But from a purely theoretical point of view, here is how I would list the attributes of each cover:
Clear cover - Lets more sun energy through to directly heat the water but probably has a little more radiative heat loss back out so this cover should have the highest heat gain and perhaps the highest heat loss as well plus the lowest UV shielding for FC extinction.
Sliver Bottom - Lets virtually no sun in, sun heats the cover surface which is transmitted to the water via conduction and re-radiation (both directions) which will have more heat loss to the environment but the silver backing should help to reduce the radiative heat loss from the water to the environment. I would expect this cover to have the lowest heat gain but also the lowest heat loss and the highest UV shielding to preserve FC. But this shielding comes at a cost of higher cover temps during the day which could reduce the life of the cover.
Blue Cover - Lets more sun in than a silver/black cover but less than a clear cover so heat gain will be less than a clear cover but heat loss should be similar to a clear cover or slightly better. I would expect this cover to have a heat gain and loss somewhere between the other two and UV shielding between the other two.
All covers will probably have nearly the same R-Value so convection losses from the water to the air are probably similar.
So from these descriptions, the average water temperature (24 hr) may end up being the nearly same but the clear clover should give you a higher water temperature near the end of the day which is what I experienced.
But one of the reasons I chose a clear cover is because I have a SWG and when the water dries on the cover the salt stays behind and it is very white which is not as noticeable on a clear cover.
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