Some quick answers to just some of your questions:

1. Regardless of the exact problem, adding 10 ppm of chlorine each night (2 gallons of plain 6% household bleach) is a good idea.
2. Raising the pH with borax to 7.6 - 7.8 is ALSO a good idea, since you MAY have ammonia.
3. The color change tells you the algae in your water is dead, but you may still have algae on the bottom.
4. Add 2 gallons of bleach, and brush the pool: if it turns green, add 2 MORE gallons.
5. keep filtering 24/7.
6. If you have a valve that will allow you to SLOW down the water going thru the filter, you'll get better results. AG pools almost always have pumps that are too big and filters are too small. Small sand filters and big pumps are especially problematic for algae cleanup.
7. Your OVERNIGHT chlorine consumption could be ammonia AND / OR algae. Your daytime chlorine loss could be either of those PLUS loss to sunlight.
8. Adding 2 - 3 gallons of 6% bleach is NOT too much. Just avoid having FC>15ppm until you have stabilizer in the pool.