It almost sounds like the starter winding is not cutting out as the motor tries to come up to speed. There is a centrifugal switch somewhere, usually at the back end where the power goes in. The set of contacts is normally closed until the motor gets going then they open, disconnecting the starting winding. This is a high current winding and if it doesn't cut out within a short time then you will probably get a thermal overload trip. If you find the switch, on the rotor there are some weights and springs. The weights will fly out at speed against the spring force and move something that opens the switch. Maybe a broken spring, stuck weight or something else broiken or stuck. Take a look and see what you find. It is also possible you have a shorted winding but I think you would smell something.
Al
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