Hi and welcome to the forum.
While running without a gauge be sure to check the flow often. Running without flow can damage or destroy the pump. If the flow stops all the motors energy goes into heating the water in the pump chamber and if it gets hot enough you'll ruin the pump. So, running overnight is a risk at the moment until you get a better feel as to how much the filter is plugging. As for the duct tape, it doesn't stick under water so it's probably just trash that found its way into the pool. Until you get your test kit you can dilute the sample to get in in range of your present kit. Use distilled water and if you dilute equal amounts sample and distilled, double the reading. 2:1 triple etc. Good enough for what you need now. You may also want to measure your water level between backwashes to see if something is leaking. Use a plain ruler to measure the depth to a known spot like a specific point on your steps. With calm water you should be able to get accuracy to 1/16 inch. See if there is any drop between backwashes. You'll get some due to evaporation but probably not much if the relative humidity is high.
Al
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