It sounds like you may have an older pool with a surge tank.

I'm not sure what you mean by "return" -- typical pool vocabulary applies the word to pipes 'returning' to the pool, while normal plumbing vocabulary applies it to pipes 'returning' to the pump. If you mean the former, it's very unlikely that an obstruction in the pool return would cause a pump to lose prime. If you mean the latter, yes, an obstruction in the pump return could cause prime loss.

However, if you have a surge pit, the first place to look would be surge tank levels, and especially, balancing valve operation.

Regarding a 'guide to commercial pool piping', I've never seen any such thing. There is no 'standard' way to pipe large pools, so unless the code in Detroit has mandated specific methods, it's simply necessary to understand enough about hydraulics and pool operation to work out how the system on YOUR pool operates.