Some algae requires very little light. In my experience, if ANY light can get through, algae can thrive.
But even a completely opaque cover does nothing to stop bacteria or biofilm formation. So far as I can determine, the relationship between purely bacterial biofilms (under 100% opaque covers) and algae is not understood. But there is some sort of relationship. I've seen pools, that opened with crystal clear water, but slightly slimy (biofilmed) walls, turn dark green in less than 6 hours.
Keep in mind that a septic tank is a thriving bacterial hive, in total darkness. Having your pool resemble a septic tank is not a commonly held goal.
OTOH, if you shock your pool and get it crystal clear and algae and combined chlorine free (allow a week) in the days preceding your vacation, add extra chlorine and THEN cover it for 2 weeks, your chance of returning to a pristine pool is much increased. If you can get a friend or relative to drop by, and pour several gallons in after about a week, so much better.
But, you do not want to shock a dirty pool and immediately cover it with a solid cover, especially if the pH is below 7.8. The some of the chlorinated compounds that form as the "goo" is destroyed are volatile. These compounds will tend to accumulate and concentrate just under the cover, and can damage it. So get the pool pristine, wait (maintaining high chlorine) and THEN cover.
Of course, this is much less of an issue with a mesh cover . . . but mesh covers don't keep out all the sunlight, either.
Ben
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