Welcome to the forum. We'll try to help.
Strange one. Sounds like the starter winding isn't getting any power. Could possibly be a broken wire in the starter winding or elsewhere. After 12 years that is still unlikely but possible. Something to try is momentarily shorting the centrifugal switch with a jumper and see if it starts. Careful that you don't contact the case and wear eye protection in case you do. If you want to dig further and have a VOM (multimeter) you can check the resistance of the windings to see if any are open. You've already ruled out the cap. Any signs of excesive heat on any of the terminals? Again, after 12 years a high resistance at a terminal could develop and heat and burn up a wire. Reading your post again, the part about being hard to turn is puzzling too. That much points to seizing but keeping the starter circuit open with a piece of paper points to what I mentioned above. As for recommendations, I have none. Sorry. Someone else can chime in on that. My 1 HP superpump is just over 12 years old too and when it's time for replacement I'll probably go with a 2-speed.
Hope this helps.
Al
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