Frequently, when incandescent lamps burn out there is a high current spike at the time of the flash. That plus the fridge could have been enough to simply trip the breaker. Easiest thing is to just get a replacement lamp and try it. If the socket shows no signs of corrosion then you have nothing to lose by just trying a new lamp. If you have a VOM (Volt-Ohm-Milliamp meter) then check the socket for voltage. If the problem isn't solved then we dig further.
Al
Edit: Carl posted at the same time as me. The circuit should be on a GFI in any case.