Thicker clouds can block a lot of UV, but thin clouds may still pass 60-80 percent of the UV through (which is why you can still get sunburn even if you feel cool because thin clouds reflect most of the infrared heat). The UV is also directly related to the total radiation from the sun which changes by time of day and time of year, both relating to the angle of incidence of the sun relative to vertical. There is a direct angle effect (based on the cosine of the angle if vertical is 0 degrees) plus at lower angles there is an additional effect from the extra absorption by the sunlight passing through more of the atmosphere.
This link will let you see the amount of solar radiation in your part of the country at different times of year. HOWEVER, this is an average over day and night and includes the actual cloud cover. Even the "maximum" is for the month average, not a peak during the day with no clouds. You can see that the east coast and even Florida has lots of daily clouds that lower potential output compared to the southwest.
There was a link on the web to a calculator that would tell you the peak solar radiation at any time of year and time of day for a given latitude, but I can't seem to find that.
Richard
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