Wild,
You need to get your free chlorine level up to 15 (or more) ppm, keep scooping or vacuuming all the junk you can from the pool, and have some patience.
Test the chlorine and pH frequently and keep adding enough chlorine to get to or above 15 ppm (3x a day is ideal but twice a day will probably work). Keep this up until your water is clear AND the pool maintains the 15 ppm free chlorine overnight. (Edit: The chlorine recommendation is from Ben's Best Guess Chart which can be found here.)
While I doubt the bleach harmed your filter, since you have an inline chlorinator, putting any kind of chlorine into the skimmer is dangerous. The chlorinator can explode if there's any tri-chlor residue left in there when that blast of bleach coming from the skimmer hits it.
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