You've got some minor issues with your water, (not much) but what you really need to get your pool clean is chlorine...lots and lots of it.

If you're positive your filter is returning junk to the pool, fix that first. Then you'll need to get your Chlorine boosted up to around 15-18ppm all at once and then hold it there 'til your water clears. Holding it there will require testing and adding chlorine at least twice daily and four times is better.