Chlorine is chlorine once it's in your water. So the source doesn't really matter. But chlorine isn't all you get necessarily...
In addition:
Tri-Chlor tabs add CYA and lower your pH rather drastically--this makes them VERY good for new plaster/concrete pools that are curing. I RARELY use tabs, if at all.
Di-Chlor powder adds CYA, but less than tri-chlor. It's slighly acidic, but not as much as Tri-Chlor. I use it when I'm looking to boost CYA--or if I was lax and all the bleach is gone.
Cal-Hypo powder adds calcium to your water, and may be the most dangerous-to-handle dry chlorine. It can cause clouding and is one of the two most common ingredients in in packages marked "Shock" (the other is Di-Chlor).
Cal-Hypo tabs MUST NOT be used in chlorinators. You can use them in skimmers or in a floater that has only been used for Cal-Hypo. The older tabs were wrapped in plastic and I gather they worked very well. The new ones turn to mush in 12 hours and clog your skimmer when they do. IMHO, they are garbage.
Lithium Hypochlorite: This is sold as "shock". It's major shock is on your wallet as the stuff is insanely expensive for what it does.
Potassium Hypochlorite: See Lithium Hypochlorite.
Chlorine Gas: Only can be handled by professionals.
SWG: Salt Water Generators--breaks salt, Sodium Chloride, into chlorine, then the waste is recombined as salt. No need to add chlorine when it's working correctly! But it's pricey--they start, ballpark, at $1000. They can raise pH and do require attention to calcium, pH and CYA. Almost everyone who has one loves it, but I haven't been able to justify the cost vs. the work savings. Still, if you are doing an inground pool, it's a good time to get one--and don't waste that money on an ozonator or Nature2.
Liquid Chlorine, Liquid Shock, Laundry bleach: All the same stuff, Sodium Hypochlorite solution sold in different concentrations and with different labels. Generally has NO effect on your water other than adding free chlorine. Some folks see pH rise from it, I never do. It is simply chlorine in its easiest-to-handle form. You can get it anywhere, use it immediately, and have effectively no side effects. It's ALWAYS appropriate to chlorinate with bleach.
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