Sorry to hear of your problems. I don't think there is any way to know if you have suffered any damage to the pump with out trying it when the water level gets back up there. I don't know of any safety shut offs for pool pumps but if you have your pump and filter installed with that black hose and clamps I would definitely invest in some flex PVC and PVC fittings. We added shut offs and quick disconnects for convenience. Good Luck I’ve got my fingers crossed.
Jennifer