Sodium hypochlorite is not bad. Many people on this forum use Walmart bleach all the time.

Basically you are going to have to just wait and let the chlorine come down. If your pool is really green with algae, it may not take too long. And, your chlorine may have not been as high as you think for too long. Algae will consume it pretty quick.

But, you are right, excessively high chlorine levels can damage a liner.