The most common cause of tile line failure is inadequate design for expansion and contraction. During major temperature changes, everything shrinks & expands, but the pool wall moves along a vertical axis or line, while the pool deck moves along a horizontal axis or line.
Proper design isolates the coping or pool edge section from the deck, allowing to move vertically with the pool wall, and remain independent of the deck. However, it is VERY common to install the coping or pool edge so it is continuous with the deck. This inevitably results in damage along the tile line, especially when temperature changes are extreme.
If this is the case with your pool, all repairs are simply temporary patches, until the vertical/horizontal expansion issue is corrected.
Repairing cracks in the shell can be minor -- but if they penetrate the shell, they are usually major and require serious effort to correct. If they are caused by subsurface movement or settlement, it's necessary to stabilizer the ground underneath before making any permanent repair to the shell.
There are multiple methods to repair each of these issues: what's best depends on the skills of the worker, and what's available locally.
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