This is one of those "it depends" questions. It depends how sunny a location you live in, it depends on what exposure you have to place the panels, south-west-east-north (listed in most to least desireable) and if it's full sun or not. It depends how much space you have available for panels, (my roof was a limiting factor).
www.powermat.com has alot of answers (Temp. graphs and other info) for this.
My understanding is you try to cover about 70% of pool surface area in solar panels, that is based upon a full sun southern exposure in the sunny states. You can have less, lots of people do, it still warms the water nicely just slower.
For mine, I have 115% of pool surface area in panels. I have an easterly exposure on my roof. In the peak of the season I see 8-10 degree increase in temp of the water after the panels. Early in the season obviously it is alot less.
To control the temp you need an electronic solar temp control and valve, if I tried to control it manually I'm sure I would end with a swimming pool size spa (my kids want me to try that!).
When I first got my system running (peak season) my 23K gallon pool rose 9 degrees in about 6 hours.
PS - If your pool gets to hot you can cool it off by running the system at night.
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