From a strictly mechanical perspective - having a base like styrofoam should help protect the liner over time. It will will be firmer than a simple sand base which means foot traffic will be less likely to stress the liner, it would also provide a barrier between the frictional wear of the sand on the liner due to shifts. It also won't errode or wash out should drainage be an issue in your area (a few friends had problems with that on their pools).
I had helped a friend two years ago do a foam underlayment because the layout of the property meant that rain and snow melt was washing away the sand under one corner of his pool. We removed the old sand and left about an inch or two for leveling purposes (easier to level sand than level dirt). After the sand was level and compacted, we laid out 1" foam over the pool area. The foam we used was kind of nice since it had tongue and groove edges, so it didn't shift around as we worked. I would also say it would probably be a good idea to spend a little bit more for the extruded foam (pink or blue) as opposed to the expanded foam (white crumbly stuff). The extruded is easier to cut for your curves and from other applications I have used it for insulation - the white stuff tends to fall apart much faster due to moisture and light (light shouldn't be a problem here - but moisture will be). Once the foam was installed we taped all the joints using a wide 3" underlayment tape (think it was designed for similar use in basement floating floors). He used the preformed foam cove and we put that on the foam and also taped that down to the foam underlayment. After that - the liner went in like it would have over a sand base.
Took care of the problem he was having with wash out - and the pool felt more comfortable under foot too. It went through two swimming seasons and winters in freeze/thaw territory (South Dakota) and when I talked to him last week he said it was still holding up great. The only thing you really want to do is make sure that you clean off the foam before you put the liner over the top of it. A little piece of gravel or a twig between the liner and the foam could create a wear point that could poke a hole in the liner or cause it to wear through prematurely.
That said - up until this point, I have always used OPP (other peoples' pools)...so my long term experience with the foam is somewhat limited.
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