Well, sand and concrete would definitely harden, but depending on the ratio can also crumble easily.
Have you thought of trying crusher run or screenings as they're called up here in canada - it's essentailly the fine stuff that falls out of the gravel crusher, the bits are jagged, and teh fine dust hardens nicely with moisture, put this around the edge and under the wall taper it down to ground level and do the inside of the pool in sand.
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