Hi Neb,
Sounds like you have your work cut out for you. I would suggest testing at least morning and evening. Even if you aren't going to do anything to the pool until the evening, the chlorine can go ahead and be working. Since it is a gunite pool, you don't have to be so conservative with your chlorine levels. If you choose to use cal-hypo, you'll have to watch the CH reading. Your CH number is already ok so as is. If you decide to use regular bleach, each gallon (4quarts) will add 2ppm of chlorine. To clear the pool, you need to try an sustain the high cl. Make sure that the cal-hypo DOES NOT COME INTO CONTACT WITH THE TRICHLOR PUCKS OR AS BEN SAYS, BAD THINGS WILL HAPPEN! Once it is in the water, it is not a concern, but don't add cal-hypo through the skimmer with a puck in there.

The sight glass on your filter is not showing you how dirty the water inside your filter is. It is on the waste line, so you can't judge by the color in it how dirty your filter is. Keep backwashing whenever your filter pressure rises 5-10psi over clean filter pressure.
Keep brushing to stir things up to allow your filter to trap it. You can try adding some DE but you might want to wait until you have most of the stuff out of the pool already before adding the DE to try and "polish" the water a little better. Keep filtering 24/7.

You can pick up just the FAS-DPD component since you already have the other test components. Check the Amazon link in my signature below and order the Taylor K-1515.

Keep us posted how things are going. Come back if you have more questions!